Human and simian immunodeficiency viruses (HIV and SIV), influenza virus, and hepatitis C
virus (HCV) have heavily glycosylated, highly variable surface proteins. Here we explore N …

Abstract HIV-1 envelope glycoprotein (Env) is the sole target for broadly neutralizing
antibodies (bnAbs) and the focus for design of an antibody-based HIV vaccine. The Env …

The analysis of HIV-1 envelope carbohydrates is critical to understanding their roles in HIV-1
transmission as well as in binding of envelope to HIV-1 antibodies. However, direct analysis …

The HIV-1 envelope (Env) is a key determinant in mediating viral entry and fusion to host
cells and is a major target for HIV vaccine development. While Env is typically about 50 …

The extensive glycosylation of HIV-1 envelope proteins (Envs), gp120/gp41, is known to
play an important role in evasion of host immune response by masking key neutralization …

The human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) envelope glycoprotein (Env) trimer, which
consists of the gp120 and gp41 subunits, is the focus of multiple strategies for vaccine …

Glycosylation plays an essential role in regulating protein function by modulating biological,
structural, and therapeutic properties. However, due to its inherent heterogeneity and …

The envelope spike of HIV is one of the most highly N-glycosylated structures found in
nature. However, despite extensive research revealing essential functional roles in infection …

Designing an effective human immunodeficiency virus type 1 (HIV-1) vaccine will rely on
understanding which variants, from among the myriad of circulating HIV-1 strains, are most …

Introduction: Much of the efforts to develop a vaccine against the human immunodeficiency
virus (HIV) have focused on the design of recombinant mimics of the viral attachment …