Recent evidence provides support for involvement of the microbiota-gut-brain axis in
Parkinson's disease (PD) pathogenesis. We propose that a pro-inflammatory intestinal …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a common neurodegenerative disorder characterized primarily
by motor and non-motor gastrointestinal (GI) deficits. GI symptoms' including compromised …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disease that is generally thought to be
caused by multiple factors, including environmental and genetic factors. Emerging evidence …

Recent studies reported an association between gut microbiota composition and
Parkinson's disease (PD). However, we know little about the relationship between …

Patients with Parkinson's disease (PD) often have non-motor symptoms related to
gastrointestinal (GI) dysfunction, such as constipation and delayed gastric emptying, which …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disease attributed
to the synergistic effects of genetic risk and environmental stimuli. Although PD is …

The state of the intestinal environment can have profound effects on the activity of the central
nervous system through the physiological contributions of the microbiota, regulation of …

The intestinal microbiota influence neurodevelopment, modulate behavior, and contribute to
neurological disorders. However, a functional link between gut bacteria and …

The mechanism of neurodegeneration in Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unknown but it
has been hypothesised that the intestinal tract could be an initiating and contributing factor …

While people are often aware of the motor symptoms in Parkinson's disease (PD), few know
of the many non-motor symptoms, which patients report have a greater impact on their …