Finite element simulation techniques were used to examine spherical indentation in the
elastic–plastic transition regime and characterize the development of the constraint factor …

In conventional continuum mechanics, the yield behavior of a material is size independent.
However, in nanoindentation, plasticity size effects have been observed for many years …

We derive, using dimensional analysis and finite element calculations, several scaling
relationships for conical indentation in elastic-plastic solids with work hardening. Using …

In nanoindentation, the plasticity size effect has been observed for several years, where a
higher hardness is measured as contact size decreases. For spherical indenters, Lim and …

As continuous indentation methods continue to develop for testing sub m volumes of
materials, there is an increasing body of work developing nanoindentation techniques to …

A continuum theory for elastic–plastic solids that accounts for the size-dependence of strain
hardening is employed to analyze trends in the indentation hardness test. Strain gradient …

Deformation of an elastic–plastic half-space by a rigid spherical indenter was examined with
the finite element method. Simulation results show that the post-yield deformation behavior …

Plastic strains and their respective strain gradients produced by nanoindentation have been
theoretically interpreted and experimentally measured at shallow indentation depths …

The stress-strain fields realized in spherical indentation tests are highly heterogeneous, and
present a significant challenge to the recovery of bulk stress-strain responses such as those …

Size effects in plasticity at small length scales have been widely reported in a variety of
loading situations. The hardness size effect has often been cited as an archetypal example …