Diabetes mellitus (DM) has become a vital societal problem as epidemiological studies
demonstrate the increasing incidence of type 1 and type 2 diabetes. Lesions observed in the …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a common complication of diabetes and constitutes a major
cause of vision impairment and blindness in the world. DR has long been described …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is a retinal disease which is one of the most severe complications
occuring due to diabetes mellitus and is a major cause of blindness. Patients who have …

Diabetic retinopathy is one of the common complications of diabetes and is the leading
cause for patients' visual dysfunction and sight loss. However, the mechanism of diabetic …

Background Microangioathy and macroangiopathy in type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM)
frequently coexist. Both types of vascular complications share traditional risk factors. It is not …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is an expanding global health problem, the exact mechanism of
which has not yet been clarified clearly, new insights into retinal physiology indicate that …

Purpose To investigate retinal changes prior to vascular signs in patients with type 2
diabetes without diabetic retinopathy or with mild non proliferative diabetic retinopathy …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) is the most widespread complication of diabetes mellitus and a
major cause of blindness in the working population of developed countries. The …

Diabetic retinopathy (DR) impairs vision of patients with type 1 and type 2 diabetes,
associated with vascular dysfunction and occlusion, retinal edema, hemorrhage, and …

Diabetic retinopathy, characterized as a microangiopathy and neurodegenerative disease,
is the leading cause of visual impairment in diabetic patients. Many clinical features …