A major challenge in understanding SARS-CoV-2 evolution is interpreting the antigenic and
functional effects of emerging mutations in the viral spike protein. Here, we describe a deep …

Mutations in the spike glycoproteins of SARS-CoV-2 variants of concern have independently
been shown to enhance aspects of spike protein fitness. Here, we describe an antibody …

Understanding SARS-CoV-2 evolution and host immunity is critical to control COVID-19
pandemics. At the core is an arms-race between SARS-CoV-2 antibody and angiotensin …

We have developed an analysis pipeline to facilitate real-time mutation tracking in SARS-
CoV-2, focusing initially on the Spike (S) protein because it mediates infection of human …

SARS-CoV-2 variants acquire mutations in the spike protein that promote immune evasion
and affect other properties that contribute to viral fitness, such as ACE2 receptor binding and …

The SARS-CoV-2 spike protein mediates target recognition, cellular entry, and ultimately the
viral infection that leads to various levels of COVID-19 severities. Positive evolutionary …

Antibodies targeting the spike protein of severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2
(SARS-CoV-2) present a promising approach to combat the coronavirus disease 2019 …

SARS-CoV-2 variants acquire mutations in spike that promote immune evasion and impact
other properties that contribute to viral fitness such as ACE2 receptor binding and cell entry …

Multiple severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) vaccines show
protective efficacy, which is most likely mediated by neutralizing antibodies recognizing the …

Although neutralizing antibodies against the SARS-CoV-2 spike (S) protein are a goal of
most COVID-19 vaccines and being developed as therapeutics, escape mutations could …