Early research that relied on standardized assessments of intelligence reported negative
effects of bilingualism for children, but a study by Peal and Lambert (1962) reported better …

Up to the 1960s, bilingualism was regarded as having a harmful effect on cognitive
development. Early studies (eg, Laurie, 1890; Saer, 1923; Smith, 1923) showed that …

In 1962, Elizabeth Peal and Wallace Lambert of McGill University published a monograph
entitled “The Relation of Bilingualism to Intelligence.” The research, conducted in Montreal …

Questions about the effect of bilingualism on cognitive functioning have been asked for
almost a century, conveying a long-standing implicit assumption that bilingualism has …

This chapter provides a review of research prior to Elizabeth Peal and Wallace Lambert
study and more recent studies on bilingualism and intelligence. It shows an effect within a …

The relationship between bilingualism and cognition has been controversial (eg, Ben-Zeev,
1977; Diaz, 1983; Hakuta. 1986; Haugen, 1956; Hu, 1999; Padilla et al, 1990). Until the …

Much of recent literature on bilingualism and cognitive development has claimed that
bilingualism causes cognitive enhancement. This paper reviews the methodology of these …

Research on the possible cognitive effects of bilingualism on childhood development has
provided mixed results when identifying effects in the domains of intelligence and overall …

The ability to know and to use two or more languages fluently and appropriately reflects the
remarkable functioning of a cognitive system that maintains separa tion among the …

Since the mid-20th century, there have been dramatic changes in our conception of how
bilingualism affects children's cognitive development, moving from one of certain negativity …