Under marine and industrial-polluted environments, reinforced concrete structures (RC
structures) are attacked by carbonation and chloride penetration; both can cause …

In this paper an experimental study is presented on the interaction between concrete
carbonation and chloride attack. The experiments are carried out on chloride-contaminated …

Under marine environment, reinforced concrete structures are suffering from serious
deterioration problems. The sea water contains abundant contents of ion species including …

In majority of exposure environments for concrete structures, there is a high probability of the
cyclic occurence of both chloride ingress and carbonation. This paper reports a detailed …

In most studies, deterioration of concrete due to carbonation or chloride penetration is
investigated separately. However, the deterioration of concrete is normally caused by the …

Previous studies were confined mostly to the deterioration of concrete structures under a
single deteriorating factor, such as chloride ingress only or carbonation only, although the …

The combined effect of carbonation and chloride ingress in concrete is studied in this paper.
Based on the change of the pore structure and the chemical equilibrium, a comprehensive …

This paper investigates the combined action of carbonation and chloride ingress in concrete
under stable moisture state. The chloride profile is solved through a moving boundary …

Carbonation caused by atmospheric carbon dioxide is one of the major physicochemical
processes which can compromise the service life of reinforced concrete structures. While the …

In order to study the influence of existing cracks in concrete structures on the carbonation
and chloride penetration, small–scale experiments were carried out on mortar prisms. Six …