I. Introduction T HE biological importance of the thyroid gland has been recognized for
centuries (1). The realization in the late 19th century that cretinism and myxedema result …

Thyroid hormones (L-T3 and L-T4) are important for nearly all human tissues. They have
profound effects on metabolic rate and oxygen consumption, but also have unique functions …

Cellular actions of thyroid hormone may be initiated within the cell nucleus, at the plasma
membrane, in cytoplasm, and at the mitochondrion. Thyroid hormone nuclear receptors …

The thyroid hormone, 3, 30, 5-triiodo-L-thyronine (T3), is essential for normal growth,
differentiation and development. Its diverse biological activities have led investigators to …

BACKGROUND: Thyroid hormone receptors TRα1, TRβ1 and TRβ2 are broadly expressed
and exert a pleiotropic influence on many developmental and homeostatic processes …

Thyroid hormone receptors (TR) are expressed from two separate genes (α and β) and
belong to the nuclear receptor superfamily, which also contains receptors for steroids …

The thyroid hormone (T3) receptors (TRs) are hormone-dependent transcription factors that
regulate expression of a variety of specific target genes. To help elucidate the mechanisms …

Several liganded nuclear receptors have alternative ligands acting in a tissue-specific
fashion and playing important biological roles. We present evidence that 3, 5 …

Thyroid hormone (TH) actions are mediated by nuclear receptors (TRs α and β) that bind
triiodothyronine (T 3, 3, 5, 3′-triiodo-l-thyronine) with high affinity, and its precursor …

In recent years a large amount of data has been gathered on the biology of thyroid hormone
receptors. The receptor proteins have been analyzed from the physiological and structural …