In Moneyball, the assumption was made that the baseball labor market undervalues specific
player skills. This study investigates whether this is also the case for player effort in …

Several determinants of player values like productivity and human capital have been
investigated in previous research; however, the influence of individual effort has been …

Overview This paper tests for, and confirms, the existence of a well-determined statistical
relationship between team wage bills and team performance as a general phenomenon in …

In this article, we investigate the pay–performance relationship of soccer players using
individual data from eight seasons of the German soccer league Bundesliga. We find a …

The link between team payroll and competitive balance plays a central role in the theory of
team sports but is seldom investigated empirically. This paper uses data on team payrolls in …

This study examines the relationship between wage expenditures and sporting success in
Norwegian and Swedish football. While previous studies have shown a strong correlation …

THE (ECoNoMiC?) rATioNALiTY oF iNVESTiNG iN PLAYEr QUALiTY in their recent
bestselling book, Berri and Schmidt (2010, p. 13–14) argue that in most US major leagues …

Data on actual earnings for soccer players are virtually impossible to obtain. For this reason,
most performance–pay studies on soccer use market values as a proxy for earnings. No …

Michael Lewis' Moneyball… describes how the Oakland Athletics exploited an imperfection
in the way player productivity was being evaluated pre-2003. On-base percentage appeared …

The authors investigate the salary returns to the ability to play association football (soccer)
with both feet. The majority of footballers are predominantly right footed. Using two data sets …