The regulation of body axis specification in the common ancestor of bilaterians remains
controversial. BMP signaling appears to be an ancient program for patterning the secondary …

In animals, body axis patterning is based on the concentration-dependent interpretation of
graded morphogen signals, which enables correct positioning of the anatomical structures …

The subkingdom Bilateria encompasses the overwhelming majority of animals, including all
but four early-branching phyla: Porifera, Ctenophora, Placozoa, and Cnidaria. On average …

How animals establish and pattern the primary body axis is one of the most fundamental
problems in biology. Data from diverse deuterostomes (frog, fish, mouse, and amphioxus) …

Signalling through the Wnt family of secreted proteins originated in a common metazoan
ancestor and greatly influenced the evolution of animal body plans. In bilaterians, Wnt …

The Wnt family of secreted proteins has been proposed to play a conserved role in early
specification of the bilaterian anteroposterior (A/P) axis. This hypothesis is based …

The adult body plan of bilaterians is achieved by imposing regional specifications on
pluripotential cells. The establishment of spatial domains is governed in part by regulating …

Cnidarians are fascinating creatures at the base of metazoan evolution possessing an
almost unlimited regeneration capacity that has attracted the interest of researchers, from …

Bilateral symmetry is a hallmark of the Bilateria. It is achieved by the intersection of two
orthogonal axes of polarity: the anterior-posterior (AP) axis and the dorsal-ventral (DV) axis …

The genetic systems controlling body axis formation trace back as far as the ancestor of
diploblasts (corals, hydra, and jellyfish) and triploblasts (bilaterians). Comparative molecular …