Background Worldwide, the annual number of robotic surgical procedures continues to
increase. Robotic surgical skills are unique from those used in either open or laparoscopic …

Background Exponential development of minimally invasive techniques, such as robotic-
assisted devices, raises the question of how to assess robotic surgery skills. Early …

Methods: Fifteen participants completed one task on each of the following: dV-Trainer (dVT;
Mimic Technologies, Inc., Seattle, Washington, USA), da Vinci Skills Simulator (dVSS; …

Introduction The clinical application of robotic surgery is increasing. The skills necessary to
perform robotic surgery are unique from those required in open and laparoscopic surgery. A …

Background The value of virtual reality (VR) simulators for robot-assisted surgery (RAS) for
skill assessment and training of surgeons has not been established. This systematic review …

Introduction Virtual reality (VR) simulators have been developed to train basic endoscopic
surgical skills outside of the operating room. An important issue is how to create optimal …

Objective: The aim of this study was to compare learning curves for laparoscopic
cholecystectomy (LC) after training on a proficiency based virtual reality (VR) curriculum with …

Methods: A review of the surgical education, human-factor, and psychology literature to
identify important factors which will impinge on the successful integration of VR training into …

The use of virtual reality (VR) simulation to train surgeons has been supported by a body of
experimental data derived from randomized trials of VR simulation training versus no such …

Background The clinical application of robotic-assisted surgery (RAS) is rapidly increasing.
The da Vinci Surgical System™ is currently the only commercially available RAS system …