Fires are among the most dangerous incidents in road tunnels that can cause large
damages to property and environment and threaten tunnel users. In this paper, the impact of …

This paper investigates smoke movement and its stratification in a lay-by of a 900 m long
road tunnel by computer simulation using Fire Dynamics Simulator. The lay-by is located …

In order to study the influence of the positive slope of the fire source on the smoke control
effect of the lateral smoke exhaust system of the tunnel, this paper established a tunnel fire …

This paper concerns smoke propagation in tunnel fires with various size of fire source.
Experiments carried out in model tunnel and those results were compared with numerical …

Tunnel slope is an important factor affecting smoke spreading for a stopped subway train on
fire. In this paper, a multi-scale method where one-dimensional (1D) network is coupled with …

In this work, a numerical model of tunnel fire is developed and aimed to investigate the
influence of cross-sectional fire locations on critical velocity and smoke flow characteristic. It …

Sažetak This paper aims to study the effects of altitude and the size of smoke outlet on fire
smoke diffusion and discharge in semi-lateral smoke exhaust highway tunnels. At first …

In the European Union (EU), road tunnels longer than 500 m are subjected to risk analysis,
which checks whether their safety is maintained within the accident hazard limits (European …

More and more urban traffic tunnels are built due to the heavy traffic in dense urban areas.
Fire safety in tunnels is a concern due to the large traffic flow. Most of the urban tunnels have …

The behaviors hot and toxic smoke in tunnel fires is important to the engineering
applications of fire protection systems. The shapes of fire source may affect the …