Oxidative stress results from an imbalance between the production of reactive oxygen
species and the antioxidants defences, in favour of the former. In recent years, the …

The presence of reactive oxygen species (ROS) in living organisms was described more
than 60 years ago and virtually immediately it was suggested that ROS were involved in …

Oxygen in its molecular state O 2, is essential for many metabolic processes that are vital to
aerobic life. Aerobic organisms cannot exist without oxygen, which nevertheless is …

In the context of global changes, fish are increasingly exposed to multiple stressors that
have cascading effects from molecules to the whole individual, thereby affecting wild fish …

Apart from its beneficial properties of oxygen to cellular functions, it can cause some
undesirable damages by the formation of ROS which can be neutralized by the formation of …

Fish are exposed to many kinds of environmental stressors and the chances of succumbing
to infectious diseases may be increased a result. For example, an acute increase in …

Changes in oxygen levels occur frequently in aquatic environments; therefore, water
organisms, including fishes, evolve a wide spectrum of adaptations to both anoxia/hypoxia …

The influence of increasing temperatures in thermal and oxidative stress responses were
studied in the muscle of several estuarine fish species (Diplodus vulgaris, Diplodus sargus …

Interest in the toxicological aspects of oxidative stress has grown in recent years, and
research has become increasingly focused on the mechanistic aspects of oxidative damage …

Living systems encounter a variety of stresses during their continuous interaction with
environment. Environmentally-induced stresses frequently activate the endogenous …