The COVID-19 is a novel infectious disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 and is known as a
pandemic emergency that has led to a high rate of mortality throughout the world. Evidence …

The pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) is spreading rapidly. Although the
cause was quickly identified as a new coronavirus named SARS-CoV-2, our knowledge of …

COVID-19 is a contagious viral disease caused by SARS-CoV-2 that led to an ongoing
pandemic with massive global health and socioeconomic consequences. The disease is …

Abstract The COVID-19-, SARS-and MERS-related coronaviruses share many genomic and
structural similarities. However, the SARS-CoV-2 is less pathogenic than SARS-CoV and …

The evidence on the pathophysiology of the novel coronavirus SARS-CoV-2 infection is
rapidly growing. Understanding why some patients suffering from COVID-19 are getting so …

At present, the pathogenesis of the novel coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID‑19) has not
been fully elucidated. Clinical and experimental findings from studies investigating COVID …

The vulnerability of humankind to SARS-CoV-2 in the absence of a pre-existing immunity,
the unpredictability of the infection outcome, and the high transmissibility, broad tissue …

The whole world is locked down due to the outbreak of novel Coronavirus Disease 2019
(nCOVID-19). A novel virus, severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV …

Studies have shown that SARS-CoV-2 has the ability to activate and mature proinflammatory
cytokines in the body. Cytokine markers are a group of polypeptide signalling molecules that …

Abstract COVID-19, caused by SARS-CoV-2, emerged as the deadliest outbreak that has
now become a serious health issue to mankind. Activation of inflammatory signaling …