Atmospheric turbulence can cause critical problems in many applications. To effectively
avoid or mitigate turbulence, knowledge of turbulence strength at various distances could be …

Experimental and theoretical work has shown that atmospheric turbulence can exhibit “non-
Kolmogorov” behavior including anisotropy and modifications of the classically accepted …

Partially coherent beams hold much promise in free-space optical communications for their
resistance to the deleterious effects of atmospheric turbulence. We describe the basic …

We developed a method for estimating the outer scale of atmospheric turbulence based on
correlation functions of lateral displacements of thin beams propagating horizontally over …

The theory of optical propagation through atmospheric turbulence demonstrates the
sensitivity of such quantities as log-amplitude variance and covariance to strength of …

Microscale temperature fluctuations, which are due to turbulent mixing, cause the refractive
index of the earth's atmosphere to be a random function of position and time (cf. Chap. 2) …

An experimental study has been performed of a laser beam propagating horizontally
through the near-ground atmosphere above a grassy field at the University of Miami (UM) …

Atmospheric turbulence over long horizontal paths perturbs phase and can also cause
severe intensity scintillation in the pupil of an optical communications receiver, which limits …

Structured light is routinely used in free-space optical communication channels, both
classical and quantum, where information is encoded in the spatial structure of the mode for …

Free-space optical communication has the potential to transmit information with both high
speed and security. However, since it is unguided it suffers from losses due to atmospheric …