The short‐term effects on binocular stability of wearing a conventional head‐mounted
display (HMD) to explore a virtual reality environment were examined. Twenty adult subjects …

It has been demonstrated that a stereoscopic virtual reality system can cause deficits of
binocular vision but that a well-engineered bi-ocular (nonstereoscopic) display can avoid …

Our previous research highlighted adverse visual effects after wearing a binocular head-
mounted display (HMD) for a 10 min stereoscopic visualization task. We have since …

Concerns about potentially harmful effects on the visual system due to the use of head
mounted displays (HMDs) in general, and stereoscopic systems in particular, have been …

This paper discusses the oculomotor changes which might be expected to occur during
immersion in a virtual environment whilst wearing a Head mounted display (HMD). To do so …

Purpose. Virtual reality devices, including virtual reality head-mounted displays, are
becoming increasingly accessible to the general public as technological advances lead to …

Virtual Reality (VR) headsets create immersion by displaying images on screens placed
very close to the eyes, which are viewed through high powered lenses. Here we investigate …

Citation information: Howarth PA. Potential hazards of viewing 3‐D stereoscopic television
and cinema: a review. Ophthalmic Physiol Opt 2011, 31, 111–122. doi: 10.1111/j. 1475 …

Purpose To assess the safety of VR 3D headset (virtual reality 3-dimensional binocular-
stereoscopic near-eye display) use in young children. Product safety warnings that …

This study aimed to evaluate objective and subjective visual fatigue experienced before and
after performing a visual task while using a head-mounted display for virtual reality (VR …