Chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a health problem worldwide. Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a
nephro-cardiovascular toxin accumulated in CKD patients and cannot be removed through …

Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a highly protein-bound nephro-cardiovascular toxin, was poorly removed
by hemodialysis. IS exists as anions in the body and the renal excretion is mediated by …

Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is an organic anion uremic toxin that accumulates in patients with chronic
kidney disease (CKD). The aims of this study were to examine the kinetic profiles of IS in …

Indoxyl sulfate is markedly accumulated in the serum of patients with chronic kidney disease
(CKD). The oral sorbent AST-120 reduces the serum levels of indoxyl sulfate in CKD …

Indoxyl sulfate, a nephrovascular uremic toxin, is markedly accumulated in the serum of
chronic kidney disease (CKD) patients. Because of its protein binding ability, its removal by …

Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a product metabolized from tryptophan, is negatively correlated with
renal function and cardiovascular diseases in patients with chronic kidney disease (CKD) …

BACKGROUND AND AIMS: Indoxyl sulfate, a protein-bound uremic toxin, was found to be
accumulated in kidney tissues with a reduction in renal function. This, in turn, not only leads …

Indoxyl sulfate (IS), a putative low-molecular weight uremic toxin, is excreted in the urine
under normal kidney function, but is retained in the circulation and tissues during renal …

Background: Indoxyl sulfate is a uremic toxin that accelerates the progression of chronic
kidney disease (CKD). Serum levels of indoxyl sulfate are increased in dialysis patients. It …

Indoxyl sulfate (IS) is a protein‐bound uremic toxin that progressively accumulates in plasma
during chronic kidney disease (CKD), and its accumulation is associated with the …