Abstract Purpose of Review Heart failure (HF) continues to be a public health burden
despite advances in therapy, and the natriuretic peptide (NP) system is clearly of critical …

Heart failure (HF) is a modern epidemic and is one of the few cardiovascular diseases which
is increasing in prevalence. The growing importance of the Natriuretic Peptide (NP) system …

Abstract Background Natriuretic peptides (NPs) represent a critical pathway in heart failure
(HF). However, there is wide individual variability in NP system activity, which could be partly …

The current standard treatment of chronic heart failure (HF) is based on clinical judgment,
with the goal of achieving the maximally tolerated therapeutic program. The complexity of …

Heart failure is a clinical syndrome of signs and symptoms caused by left ventricular
dysfunction. It is the most serious expression of heart disease and encompasses a wide …

The discovery of the heart as an endocrine organ resulted in a remarkable recognition of the
natriuretic peptide system (NPS). Specifically, research has established the production of …

The cardiac natriuretic peptide (NP) system is composed of atrial natriuretic factor (ANF)[1, 2]
and brain natriuretic peptide (BNP)[3]. These polypeptide hormones are synthesized, stored …

Heart failure (HF) is associated with high morbidity and mortality. Dysfunction of blood
pressure and/or volume homeostatic processes result in lower perfusion and/or congestion …

Following the initial discovery of a natriuretic and diuretic peptide factor present in atrial
myocardial tissue homogenates, subsequent elucidation of the natriuretic peptide (NP) …

The natriuretic peptides are a family of widely distributed, but evolutionarily conserved,
polypeptide mediators that exert a range of actions throughout the body. In cardiovascular …