We study markets in which consumers prefer green products but cannot determine the
environmental quality of any given firm's product on their own. A nongovernmental …

Ecolabels are widely used to inform markets about credence attributes of products. We
present the first analysis of ecolabel competition that allows labels to have multiple tiers (eg …

This paper analyzes two common features of markets in which eco-label programs certify
that products are “green”: gradation—single programs offering multiple certification …

How are eco-label strategies affected by consumer confusion arising from the profusion of
eco-labels? This article provides a theoretical insight into this issue using a double …

Firms would like to capitalize on consumers' willingness to pay more for goods that use
environmentally friendly production techniques, but have difficulty credibly conveying their …

Eco-labels are essential for informing consumers about products' environmental
characteristics. However, the many different labels consumers encounter can be confusing …

Programs that certify the environmental (or other social) attributes of firms are common. But
the proliferation of labeling schemes makes it difficult for consumers to know what each one …

Eco-labels are an essential market instrument for communicating environmental information
about products to consumers. This study aims to identify how government regulations affect …

This article develops a vertical differentiation model to study the competition and
environmental effects of multiplicity of eco-labels within a given market. The focus is on the …

Eco-labels are suspected to serve protectionist purposes. We analyze the choice between
an environmental standard and a voluntary eco-label scheme in a partial trade model with …