The timelines for developing vaccines against infectious diseases are lengthy, and often
vaccines that reach the stage of large phase 3 field trials fail to provide the desired level of …

The increasing recent interest in human challenge studies or controlled human infection
model studies for accelerating vaccine development has been driven by the recognition of …

Vaccine development has played a hugely important role in combating infectious disease.
Despite this success, there is still a great need for new vaccines and these are emerging far …

Vaccines represent one of the most compelling examples of how biomedical research has
improved society by saving lives and dramatically reducing the burden of infectious disease …

Abstract Controlled Human Infection Models (CHIMs) now exist for several infectious
diseases. CHIMs offer significant insight into disease pathogenesis, as well the potential to …

Vaccines already developed have been enormously successful. However, the development
of future vaccines requires solution of a number of immunologic problems, including …

Since the middle of the 20th century, vaccines have made a significant public health impact
by controlling infectious diseases globally. Although long-term protection has been achieved …

Over the past 100 years, animal infectious disease research has played a crucial role in the
development of human vaccines. In fact, many of today's vaccines are based on utilizing …

Vaccines can be extremely cost-effective public health measures. Unfortunately the research
and development (R&D) of novel vaccines is suffering from rising costs and declining …

Microbial pathogens have developed complex and efficient ways of counteracting and
evading innate and adaptive immune mechanisms. The strategies used by pathogens …