This study examined the extent to which kindergarten Spanish reading affected English
reading growth trajectories through fourth grade among nationally representative Spanish …

This study explored effects of Spanish oral language skills (vocabulary and syntax) on the
development of English oral language skills (vocabulary, morphology, semantics, syntax) …

It is well established that monolingual preschoolers' oral language development (vocabulary
and oral comprehension) contributes to their later reading abilities; however, less is known …

This study explores the role that socioeconomic status (SES), home and school language
and literacy practices, and oral vocabulary play in the development of English reading skills …

Using nationally-representative, longitudinal data on a cohort of Spanish-speaking English
language learners in the US, this study investigated the extent to which early oral language …

This longitudinal study used latent growth curve modeling to investigate English literacy
development in a sample of Spanish-speaking language minority students from third …

The development of English and Spanish reading and oral language skills from
kindergarten to third grade was examined with a sample of 502 Spanish-speaking English …

Among students entering kindergarten speaking Spanish, those with greater emergent
Spanish literacy development and oral English proficiency were better able to maintain …

This study investigated early indicators of Spanish‐speaking English learners (ELs) at risk
for reading difficulties at the end of Grade 2 by examining their early bilingual oral language …

This study estimated normative reading trajectories for the population of English-proficient
language minority students attending US public elementary schools. Achievement of English …