In order to prolong the lifetime of wireless sensor networks (WSNs), a low-duty-cycle mode is
widely used to save the energy for sensor nodes. Under this mode, sensor nodes switch …

In low-duty-cycle wireless sensor networks, wireless nodes usually have two states: active
state and dormant state. The necessary condition for a successful wireless transmission is …

Utility-based routing is a routing scheme based on a special composite utility metric. The
existing utility-based routing algorithms have not yet considered the delivery delay, so that …

Routing in a low duty‐cycled wireless sensor network (WSN) has attracted much attention
recently because of the challenge that low duty‐cycled sleep scheduling brings to the …

Nodes in most wireless sensor networks (WSNs) are powered by batteries with limited
energy. Prolonging network lifetime and saving energy are two critical issues for WSNs …

Generally, the lifetime of a wireless sensor network (WSN) is defined as the duration until
any sensor node dies due to battery exhaustion. If the traffic load is not properly balanced …

This paper is concerned with energy-efficient routing in wireless sensor networks. Most of
the existing routing schemes assign energy-related costs to network links and obtain the …

Wireless sensor networks are composed of low-energy, small-size, and low-range
unattended sensor nodes. Recently, it has been observed that by periodically turning on and …

Energy-constrained sensor networks have been widely deployed for environmental
monitoring and security surveillance purposes. Since sensors are usually powered by …

Duty-cycled operation has been introduced as an efficient way to preserve nodes energy
and prolong network lifetime for wireless sensor networks. However, such networks are …