This tutorial paper provides a foundation for integrating probabilistic shaping (PS) and
forward error correction (FEC). A layered PS-FEC architecture consisting of a PS encoder …

We review probabilistic constellation shaping (PCS), which has been a key enabler for
several recent record-setting optical fiber communications experiments. PCS provides both …

Probabilistic shaping of quadrature amplitude modulation (QAM) is used to enhance the
sensitivity of an optical communication system. Sensitivity gains of 0.43 and 0.8 dB are …

This work proposes a probabilistic shaping scheme for optical WDM systems, where
nonlinear interference noise depends on the input optical signal power distribution. With …

Different aspects of probabilistic shaping for a multispan optical communication system are
studied. First, a numerical analysis of the additive white Gaussian noise (AWGN) channel …

This paper studies the impact of probabilistic shaping on effective signal-to-noise ratios
(SNRs) and achievable information rates (AIRs) in a back-to-back configuration and in …

In order to realize probabilistically shaped signaling within the probabilistic amplitude
shaping (PAS) framework, a shaping device outputs sequences that follow a certain …

The FEC limit paradigm is the prevalent practice for designing optical communication
systems to attain a certain bit error rate (BER) without forward error correction (FEC). This …

We propose a rate-adaptive transmission scheme using variable-rate forward error
correction (FEC) codes with a fixed signal constellation and a fixed symbol rate, quantifying …

The design of application-specific integrated circuits (ASIC) is at the core of modern ultra-
high-speed transponders employing advanced digital signal processing (DSP) algorithms …