Increasing valence can enhance the ability of molecular targeting constructs to bind
specifically to targeted cells for drug delivery. Here, we mathematically model the length and …

Targeting drugs to specific cells by conjugating the drug to an antibody or ligand for a cell
surface receptor currently requires that the receptor be uniquely over-expressed by the …

Nature makes extensive use of polyvalency—the simultaneous binding of multiple ligands to
multiple complementary receptors. The concept of polyvalency can also be used to design …

The reversible binding between a planar polymer layer functionalized by ligands and a
planar cell surface containing different densities of mobile receptors has been studied by …

Using computer simulations, we systematically studied the influence of different design
parameters of a spherical nanoparticle tethered with monovalent ligands on its efficiency of …

Purpose Competitive radiolabeled antibody imaging can determine the unlabeled intact
antibody dose that fully blocks target binding but may be confounded by heterogeneous …

Small-molecule ligands specific for tumor-associated surface receptors have wide
applications in cancer diagnosis and therapy. Achieving high-affinity binding to the desired …

Using inspiration from biology, we can leverage multivalent binding interactions to enhance
weak, monovalent binding between molecules. While most previous studies have focused …

Multivalent binding interactions are commonly found throughout biology to enhance weak
monovalent binding such as between glycoligands and protein receptors. Designing …

Multivalent effects dictate the binding affinity of multiple ligands on one molecular entity to
receptors. Integrins are receptors that mediate cell attachment through multivalent binding to …