Leishmaniases are vector-borne parasitic diseases with 0.9–1.4 million new human cases
each year worldwide. In the vectorial part of the life-cycle, Leishmania development is …

In her recent review in Trends in Parasitology [1], Kamhawi highlighted the role of sand fly
midgut receptors of lipophosphoglycan (LPG) in Leishmania attachment. This attachment is …

Leishmaniasis is caused by a wide range of parasites that are transmitted by an even wider
range of sand fly vectors. The phlebotomine vectors of Leishmaniasis are in some cases …

In nature the prevalence of Leishmania infection in whole sand fly populations can be very
low (< 0.1%), even in areas of endemicity and high transmission. It has long since been …

Leishmania infections in the vector sandfly are limited to the gut, where contact with tissues,
secretions and the medium of sandfly food influence their cycle of development The …

Complex interactions occurs between Leishmania parasites and their sand fly vectors.
Promastigotes of Leishmania live exclusively within the gut, possess flagella and are motile …

Leishmaniases are serious parasitic diseases the etiological organisms of which are
transmitted by insect vectors, phlebotominae sand flies. Two sand fly species, Phlebotomus …

Leishmania parasites need phlebotomine sand flies to complete their life cycle and to
propagate. This review looks at Leishmania–sand fly interactions as the parasites develop …

Leishmania alternates between two main morphological forms in its life cycle: intracellular
amastigotes in the mammalian host and motile promastigotes in the sandfly vector. Several …

▪ Abstract Leishmania-sand fly interactions are reviewed in the context of the potential
barriers to the complete development of the parasite that exist within the midgut environment …