Nephrolithiasis is a worldwide problem with increasing prevalence, enormous costs, and
significant morbidity. Calcium-containing kidney stones are by far the most common kidney …

The most common presentation of nephrolithiasis is idiopathic calcium stones in patients
without systemic disease. Most stones are primarily composed of calcium oxalate and form …

Urinary stone disease is a very common disease whose prevalence is still increasing. Stone
formation is frequently associated with other diseases of affluence such as hypertension …

Nephrolithiasis is a common disorder that accounts for significant cost, morbidity, and loss of
work. There is a one in eight lifetime chance of being diagnosed with urinary stones …

Urinary calcium, magnesium and citrate levels are important in promoting or inhibiting renal
stone formation. Here we review current information on the tubular handling of these ions …

Hypercalcuria is the most common metabolic disorder found in patients with nephrolithiasis.
As the prevalence of kidney stones rises in industrialized nations, understanding the …

Metabolic acidosis is associated with increased urinary calcium excretion and related
sequelae, including nephrocalcinosis and nephrolithiasis. The increased urinary calcium …

Extracellular pyrophosphate (PPi) plays a central role in the control of normal bone
mineralization since it antagonizes inorganic phosphate in the promotion of hydroxyapatite …

Nephrolithiasis, with a lifetime incidence of up to 13%(1–9), results in significant morbidity as
well as substantial economic costs, not only directly from medical treatment but also …

Calcium homeostasis is a complicated and incompletely understood process that is primarily
regulated through an interaction between the intestines, kidneys, and bones. Intestinal …