To assess the potential dietary effects of insecticidal substances on the predacious ladybird
beetle, Coleomegilla maculata De Geer, a Tier-1 laboratory testing system was developed …

We developed a dietary exposure assay for screening insecticidal compounds for their
toxicity and for assessing the side effects of insecticidal proteins produced by genetically …

Early-tier studies are the initial step in the environmental risk assessment of genetically
engineered plants on nontarget arthropods. They are conducted in the laboratory where …

A major hindrance to mass rearing predators for augmentative biological control is the
limited availability of inexpensive, alternative foods in lieu of natural prey or target prey. We …

The carabid beetle Poecilus cupreus (L.) is named as one of the test species in a guidance
document for regulatory testing of pesticides in the EU (Barrett et al., 1994). The test is …

The predatory lady beetle Coleomegilla maculata has potential to control several arthropod
pests on crop plants in greenhouses and high tunnels. However, an effective artificial diet is …

Weed resistance to glyphosate and development of new GM crops tolerant to 2, 4-
dichlorophenoxyacetic acid (2, 4-D) and dicamba is expected to lead to increased use of …

The toxic effects of older classes of pesticides on natural enemies are typically acute and
exposure usually occurs through direct contact with foliar residues. However, older …

The modified excised leaf disc method was used to measure the effects of six insecticides on
eggs, larvae, adults, and female fecundity of Galendromus occidentalis (Nesbitt) in a 'worst …

Reduced-risk pesticides are new compounds noted for their lower impact on human health
and environment, and lower toxicity onto non-target organisms than traditional products …