The formula of the Fourier series for a periodic function indicates that traditional periodic
time modulation only provides amplitude weighting at the carrier frequency of a time …

In this article, the implementation and experimental validation of harmonic beamforming in a
planar 2-bit time-modulated array (TMA) is proposed. The incorporation of a 2-bit phase …

A general high-efficiency time-modulated module and harmonic beam scanning time-
modulated array (TMA) are proposed and investigated in this article. By introducing the …

The design of efficient time-modulated arrays (TMAs) for multi-beam steering purposes must
be based on both a type of periodical sequences that guarantees an adequate windowing of …

A novel beam scanning method utilizing the carrier frequency component for time-
modulated array (TMA) is proposed and a significant algorithm based on the non-uniform …

With the rapid development of modern electronic technologies, antenna arrays typically
operate in very complex electromagnetic environments. However, owing to the various …

The conventional time-modulated arrays (TMAs) have a low radiation efficiency, since each
antenna turns off at specific time slots. In this paper, first, the efficiency of TMA is investigated …

Single-sideband time-modulated phased arrays (STMPAs) can suppress undesired
sidebands and achieve convenient beam scanning without repeated time-consuming …

With increasing demand for modern technology in the communication systems, antenna
arrays have attracted much interest in the areas of radio broadcasting, space …

Phase modulation (PM) techniques based on time modulated arrays (TMAs) are usually
used to generate a steerable beam at the carrier frequency. However, the overall efficiency …