Faithful maintenance of immune homeostasis relies on the capacity of the cellular immune
surveillance machinery to recognize" nonself", such as the presence of pathogenic RNA …

Viral infection is detected by cellular sensors as foreign nucleic acid and initiates innate
antiviral responses, including the activation of type I interferon (IFN) and proinflammatory …

Virus-encoded molecular signatures, such as cytosolic double-stranded or otherwise
biochemically distinct RNA species, trigger cellular antiviral signaling. Cytoplasmic proteins …

Detection of double-stranded RNAs (dsRNAs) is a central mechanism of innate immune
defense in many organisms. We here discuss several families of dsRNA-binding proteins …

RNA works as a genome and messenger in RNA viruses, and it sends messages in most of
the creatures of the Earth, including viruses, bacteria, fungi, plants, and animals. The human …

Viral infection is detected by cellular sensor molecules as foreign nucleic acids and initiates
innate antiviral responses, including the activation of proinflammatory cytokines and type I …

Pattern recognition receptors (PRRs) survey intra-and extracellular spaces for pathogen-
associated molecular patterns (PAMPs) within microbial products of infection. Recognition …

Initiating the immune response to invading pathogens, the innate immune system is
constituted of immune receptors (pattern recognition receptors, PRR) that sense microbe …

Recognition of pathogen-derived nucleic acids by pattern-recognition receptors (PRRs) is
essential for eliciting antiviral immune responses by inducing the production of type I …

RIG-I-like receptors (RLRs) are cytosolic innate immune sensors that detect pathogenic RNA
and induce a systemic antiviral response. During the last decade, many studies focused on …