Background This paper investigates viewing distances and eyestrain symptoms in young
adults reading from a smartphone for 60 minutes. Methods A survey related to common …

Asthenopia symptoms were investigated in visually-normal subjects without computer-
related vision symptoms after prolonged reading from: smartphone versus hardcopy under …

Purpose. The use of handheld smart phones for written communication is becoming
ubiquitous in modern society. The relatively small screens found in these devices may …

Purpose: Smartphone use is now ubiquitous and is associated with a range of ocular and
visual symptoms. However, little is known about the etiology of the symptoms which …

Smartphone and tablet use in Australia and worldwide is reaching saturation levels and
associated visual and ocular discomfort such as headaches, eyestrain, dry eyes and sore …

Purpose In the present study, the visual discomfort induced by smart mobile devices was
assessed in normal and healthy adults. Methods Fifty-nine volunteers (age, 38.16±10.23 …

Purpose: Smartphone use has dramatically increased in recent years. Smartphones may
have adverse health effects, particularly on the eyes, because users stare at the screen for a …

Purpose: The present study was conducted to investigate whether near work with
smartphone could induce the change of accommodative function. Methods: Total 63 …

Purpose Consumer electronic devices such as smartphones, tablet computers, and e‐book
readers have become far more widely used in recent years. Many of these devices contain …

Citation information: Chu C, Rosenfield M, Portello JK, Benzoni JA & Collier JD. A
comparison of symptoms after viewing text on a computer screen and hardcopy. Ophthalmic …