Abstract SARS-CoV-2 infection—which involves both cell attachment and membrane fusion—
relies on the angiotensin-converting enzyme 2 (ACE2) receptor, which is paradoxically …

The efficient spread of SARS-CoV-2 resulted in a unique pandemic in modern history.
Despite early identification of ACE2 as the receptor for viral spike protein, much remains to …

The ongoing pandemic of coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), which is caused by severe
acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), is a major threat to global health …

Abstract The coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) presents a global health emergency that …

The recently emerged SARS-CoV-2 Omicron variant encodes 37 amino acid substitutions in
the spike protein, 15 of which are in the receptor-binding domain (RBD), thereby raising …

Antibody-dependent enhancement (ADE) of disease is a general concern for the
development of vaccines and antibody therapies because the mechanisms that underlie …

Spike-specific antibodies are central to effective COVID19 immunity. Research efforts have
focused on antibodies that neutralize the ACE2-Spike interaction but not on non-neutralizing …

Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19), caused by the severe acute respiratory syndrome
coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), rapidly evolved into a pandemic–the likes of which has not …

Antigen-presenting cells (APCs) may be resistant to SARS-CoV-2 infection but still
contribute to viral pathogenesis. Lectins such as sialic acid-binding Ig-like lectin 1 (Siglec …

New SARS‐CoV‐2 variants are continuously emerging with critical implications for therapies
or vaccinations. The 22 N‐glycan sites of Spike remain highly conserved among SARS‐CoV …