Abstract Background The National AIDS Control Organization of India has been providing
free second line antiretroviral therapy (ART) since 2008. This observational study reports the …

Background There are limited data on the failure of second-line antiretroviral therapy (ART)
and the use of third-line ART in people living with HIV in resource-limited settings. Since …

Background As HIV steps into the third decade, there are more number of patients living on
lifelong (antiretroviral therapy) ART and facing the threat of drug resistance with subsequent …

Background Short term efficacy of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) in resource-
constrained settings is comparable to that found in western studies. However, long term data …

Goal of the second-line therapy among HIV-1-infected patients is to re-establish virological
suppression, although treatment options in resource-limited settings are limited. An …

Background HIV/AIDS patients who fail to respond to first-line treatment protocols are
switched to second-line ART. Identifying factors that influence effective second-line …

Objective: To determine initial 24-week outcomes among prospectively enrolled patients
with failure of initial antiretroviral therapy (ART). Methods: Baseline virologic failure was …

Background: The proportion of patients on second line in resource limited settings are
estimated between 1-5%. The present study describes the profile and outcomes of Indian …

Background: The identification and management of first-line antiretroviral therapy (ART)
failure is a key challenge for HIV programs in resource-limited settings. In 2008, the National …

Background: Roughly 4% of the 1.25 million patients on antiretroviral therapy (ART) in Asia
are using second-line therapy. To maximize patient benefit and regional resources, it is …