We present a real-time liveness detection approach against photograph spoofing in face
recognition, by recognizing spontaneous eyeblinks, which is a non-intrusive manner. The …

This paper presents a face liveness detection system against spoofing with photographs,
videos, and 3D models of a valid user in a face recognition system. Anti-spoofing clues …

Spoofing face recognition systems with photos or videos of someone else is not difficult.
Sometimes, all one needs is to display a picture on a laptop monitor or a printed photograph …

Resisting spoofing attempts via photographs and video playbacks is a vital issue for the
success of face biometrics. Yet, the ldquolivenessrdquo topic has only been partially studied …

This paper reports on the implementation of a GPU-based, real-time eye blink detector on
very low contrast images acquired under near-infrared illumination. This detector is part of a …

Eye blink detection is useful in many applications, such as human-computer interface, driver
awareness detection, and so on. Here we consider eye blink as an evidence of liveness to …

We address the task of accurately localizing the eyes in face images extracted by a face
detector, an important problem to be solved because of the negative effect of poor …

For a robust face biometric system, a reliable antispoofing approach must be deployed to
circumvent the print and replay attacks. Several techniques have been proposed to counter …

Facial occlusions, due for example to sunglasses, hats, scarf, beards etc., can significantly
affect the performance of any face recognition system. Unfortunately, the presence of facial …

We faced the problem of detecting 2-D face spoofing attacks performed by placing a printed
photo of a real user in front of the camera. For this type of attack it is not possible to relay just …