We study storage performance in over 450,000 disks and 4,000 SSDs over 87 days for an
overall total of 857 million (disk) and 7 million (SSD) drive hours. We find that storage …

Modern storage systems orchestrate a group of disks to achieve their performance and
reliability goals. Even though such systems are designed to withstand the failure of …

SSDs exhibit very different failure characteristics compared to hard drives. In particular, the
bit error rate (BER) of an SSD climbs as it receives more writes. As a result, RAID arrays …

Ensuring stable performance for storage stacks is important, especially with the growth in
popularity of hosted services where customers expect QoS guarantees. The same …

RAID+: Deterministic and Balanced Data Distribution for Large Disk Enclosures Page 1 This
paper is included in the Proceedings of the 16th USENIX Conference on File and Storage …

Solid-State Drives (SSDs) are about to radically change the way we look at storage systems.
Without moving mechanical parts, they have the potential to supplement or even replace …

The use of all-flash arrays has been increasing. Compared to their hard-disk counterparts,
each drive offers higher performance but also undergoes more severe periodic performance …

Parity is a popular form of data protection in redundant arrays of inexpensive/independent
disks (RAID). RAID5 dedicates one out of N disks to parity to mask single disk failures, that …

Disk arrays are commonly designed to ensure that stored data will always be able to
withstand a disk failure, but meeting this goal comes at a significant cost in performance. We …

This paper presents the first large-scale field study of NAND-based SSDs in enterprise
storage systems (in contrast to drives in distributed data center storage systems). The study …