In the last century, the paradigm of fear conditioning has greatly evolved in a variety of
scientific fields. The techniques, protocols, and analysis methods now most used have …

Fear-induced bradycardia, a transient heart rate deceleration related to a threatening event,
is a powerful technique used to assess fear conditioning in humans. During the last century …

Fear-induced bradycardia, a transient heartbeat deceleration following exposure to threat, is
a physiological index observable in humans, especially in fear conditioning experiments …

Understanding transient dynamics of the autonomic nervous system during fear learning
remains a critical step to translate basic research into treatment of fear‐related disorders. In …

During fear conditioning, a cue (CS) signals an inevitable distal threat (US) and evokes a
conditioned response that can be described as attentive immobility (freezing). The organism …

Although the conditioned cardiac fear response is an important index of psychophysiological
fear processing, underlying neural mechanisms remain unclear. N= 22 participants …

Stress and fear are two fields of research that have evolved simultaneously. It was not until
the eighties that these domains converged in order to better characterize the impact of stress …

Across species, cued fear conditioning is a common experimental paradigm to investigate
aversive Pavlovian learning. While fear‐conditioned stimuli (CS+) elicit overt behavior in …

Historically, studies on the neural basis of fear conditioning have emphasized the role of the
central nervous system. However, there is growing evidence for the role of the autonomic …

Prior studies have demonstrated that differences in activation of the defensive motivational
system–as indexed by cardiac responses to the CS+ during aversive conditioning–are …