Background Identification of prognostic factors in COVID-19 remains a global challenge. The
role of smoking is still controversial. Objective To evaluate the rate of daily smokers in …

The effects of smoking on Corona Virus Disease 2019 (COVID-19) are currently unknown.
The purpose of this study was to systematically examine the prevalence of current smoking …

Background There is a lot of debate about the effects of smoking on COVID-19. A recent
fixed-effects meta-analysis found smoking to be associated with disease severity among …

Background: The purpose of this study was to examine the prevalence and effects of current
smoking on adverse outcomes among hospitalized COVID-19 patients. Methods: A …

BACKGROUND Smokers are generally more susceptible to infectious respiratory diseases
and are at higher risk of developing severe complications from these infections. Conflicting …

Introduction The highly infectious coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) has now rapidly
spread around the world. This meta-analysis was strictly focused on the influence of …

Introduction Smoking causes inflammation of the lung epithelium by releasing cytokines and
impairing mucociliary clearance. Some studies have linked smoking with severity of illness …

Rationale The association between smoking status and severe Coronavirus Disease 2019
(COVID-19) remains controversial. Objective To assess the risk of hospitalization (as a …

Introduction Current evidence indicates that smoking worsens COVID-19 outcomes.
However, when studies restricted their analyses to current smokers, the risks for COVID-19 …

The association between current smoking and coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19)
progression remains uncertain. We aim to provide up-to-date evidence of the role of …