External genitalia are prominent organs showing hormone-dependent sexual differentiation.
Androgen is an essential regulator of masculinization of the genital tubercle, which is the …

Masculinization of external genitalia is an essential process in the formation of the male
reproductive system. Prominent characteristics of this masculinization are the organ size and …

The biology of masculinization is fundamentally important for understanding the embryonic
developmental processes that are involved in the development of the male reproductive …

Testicular androgen is a master endocrine factor in the establishment of external genital sex
differences. The degree of androgenic exposure during development is well known to …

Androgen plays a crucial role in initiating and maintaining the expression of male sexual
characteristics in mammals. In humans and mice, any defects along the pathway of …

Murine reproductive tissues of the external genitalia and perineum develop with remarkably
distinctive characteristics in males and females. Although many researches on such mouse …

The morphogenesis of mammalian embryonic external genitalia (eExG) shows dynamic
differences between males and females. In genotypic males, eExG are masculinized in …

The bulbocavernosus (BC) is a sexually dimorphic muscle observed only in males.
Androgen receptor knockout mouse studies show the loss of BC formation. This suggests …

One of the main functions of androgen is in the sexually dimorphic development of the male
reproductive tissues. During embryogenesis, androgen determines the morphogenesis of …

While androgen is considered a pivotal regulator of sexually dimorphic development, it
remains unclear how it orchestrates the differentiation of reproductive organs. Using external …