Pain is a multidimensional experience with sensory-discriminative, affective-motivational,
and cognitive-evaluative components. Pain aversiveness is one principal cause of suffering …

Chronic pain is an important public health problem that negatively impacts the quality of life
of affected individuals and exacts enormous socioeconomic costs. Chronic pain is often …

Clinical pain is a serious public health issue. Treatment of pain-related suffering requires
knowledge of how pain signals are initially interpreted and subsequently transmitted and …

Pain is fundamentally unpleasant, a feature that protects the organism by promoting
motivation and learning. Relief of aversive states, including pain, is rewarding. The …

Clinical and experimental studies show serial interactions between the intensity of pain
sensation, pain unpleasantness, and secondary emotions associated with reflection and …

Brain processing of pain in humans is based on multiple ascending pathways and brain
regions that are involved in several pain components, such as sensory, immediate affective …

Conditioned pain modulation is a powerful analgesic mechanism, occurring when a painful
stimulus is inhibited by a second painful stimulus delivered at a different body location …

Investigation of the basic mechanisms of chronic pain not only provides insights into how the
brain processes and modulates sensory information but also provides the basis for …

Our understanding of chronic pain involves complex brain circuits that include sensory,
emotional, cognitive and interoceptive processing. The feed-forward interactions between …

Pain is more than merely nociception and response, but rather it encompasses emotional,
behavioral and cognitive components that make up the pain experience. With the recent …