The energy consumption of the routing protocol can affect the lifetime of a wireless sensor
network (WSN) because tiny sensor nodes are usually difficult to recharge after they are …

In wireless sensor networks, optimizing the network lifetime is an important issue. Most of the
existing works define network lifetime as the time when the first sensor node exhausts all of …

Cluster-based hierarchical routing protocols play an essential role in decreasing the energy
consumption of wireless sensor networks (WSNs). A low-energy adaptive clustering …

Energy efficiency and balancing is one of the primary challenges for wireless sensor
networks (WSNs) since the tiny sensor nodes cannot be easily recharged once they are …

Many recent wireless sensor network (WSN) routing protocols are enhancements to address
specific issues with the “low-energy adaptive clustering hierarchy”(LEACH) protocol. Since …

Wireless sensor networks (WSNs) have grown excessively due to their various applications
and low installation cost. In WSN, the main concern is to reduce energy consumption among …

This paper proposes a novel energy-aware and layering-based clustering and routing
protocol (EA-CRP) for gathering data in WSNs. The main goal of EA-CRP is to reduce the …

Wireless sensor nodes are usually powered by batteries and deployed in unmanned
outdoors or dangerous regions. So, constrained energy is a prominent feature for wireless …

In energy-constrained wireless sensor networks, low energy utilization and unbalanced
energy distribution are seriously affecting the operation of the network. Therefore, efficient …

Many new routing protocols have been proposed for wireless sensor networks in recent
years. Almost all of the routing protocols considered energy efficiency as the ultimate …