Background No published study has explored gender differences in letters of
recommendation for applicants entering surgical subspecialty fellowships. Methods We …

Background Implicit bias has been documented in candidate selection within academic
medicine. Gender bias is exposed when writers systematically use different language to …

OBJECTIVE We investigated letters of recommendation for general surgery residency
applicants to determine if any gender-based disparities exist. DESIGN A dictionary of over …

Objective Gender bias has been identified in letters of recommendation (LOR) in many
different surgical training fields. Among surgeons, women comprise over 30% of the full-time …

Abstract Background Letters of recommendation (LoRs) play an important role in resident
selection. Author language varies implicitly toward male and female applicants. We …

Abstract Background Letters of recommendation (LoR) are considered one of the most
important predictors of matching into a pediatric surgery fellowship. We determined if …

Objectives The letter of recommendation (LOR) is an important component of a residency
application. There is great subjectivity in the interpretation of a letter writer's narrative and …

Screening of applicants and selection of interns for surgical residency programs continue to
rely heavily on letters of recommendation from surgical faculty. To define important aspects …

Background Studies in several fields demonstrate gender and racial differences in
descriptions of applicants in letters of recommendation. However, gender and racial biases …

Introduction Medical students applying for general surgery residencies often require a letter
of recommendation (LOR) from the Surgical Chair. However, LORs may reveal gender and …