Background and objectives: Dynamic handwriting analysis, due to its noninvasive and
readily accessible nature, has emerged as a vital adjunctive method for the early diagnosis …

The etiology of Parkinson's disease (PD) remains unclear. Symptoms usually appear after
approximately 70% of dopamine-producing cells have stopped working normally. PD cannot …

Existing decision support system frameworks for diagnosing Parkinson's disease (PD)
through handwriting, speech, or gait characteristics share very similar pipelines. Although in …

In recent years, machining learning aided diagnosis can provide non-invasive, low-cost
tools to support clinicians and assist the diagnosis and monitoring of neurodegenerative …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a neurodegenerative disorder causing a decline in dopamine
levels, impacting the peripheral nervous system and motor functions. Current detection …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is a prevalent neurodegenerative disorder, and early detection
plays a crucial role in timely treatment to prevent further harm to patients. In recent years …

Degenerative disorders such as Parkinson's disease (PD) have an influence on daily
activities due to rigidity of muscles, tremor or cognitive impairment. Micrographia, speech …

Computer aided diagnosis systems can provide non-invasive, low-cost tools to support
clinicians. These systems have the potential to assist the diagnosis and monitoring of …

When approximately seventy percent of dopamine-producing nerve cells cease to function
normally, the symptoms of Parkinson's disease (PD) manifest, marking an irreversible …

Parkinson's disease (PD) is commonly characterized by several motor symptoms, such as
bradykinesia, akinesia, rigidity, and tremor. The analysis of patients' fine motor control …