The host inflammatory response against infections is characterized by the release of pro-
inflammatory cytokines and acute-phase proteins, driving both innate and adaptive arms of …

Our recently published research on the characterization of vesicular stomatitis virus (VSV)
pathogenesis in swine, identified a systemic upregulation of interleukin 6 (IL-6) during the …

Interleukins (ILs) are signaling molecules that are crucial in regulating immune responses
during infectious diseases. Pro-inflammatory ILs contribute to the activation and recruitment …

Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a proinflammatory cytokine that belongs to the IL-1 cytokine family,
due to its structure, receptor family and signal transduction pathways. Similarly to IL-1β, IL …

Production of interferon-γ (IFNγ) in response to infection is a hallmark of innate and adaptive
immunity. In addition to the pivotal role of IFNγ in host defense, its excessive release has …

Objective: Severe inflammation and sepsis remain a serious clinical challenge worldwide.
Despite modern supportive medicine and an improved understanding of the underlying …

Publisher Summary Interleukin-18 (IL-18) is a multifunctional cytokine, the roles of which
extend over both acquired and innate immunity, and its major role has been thought to be …

The term Bcytokine storm^ has been adopted in the past several decades as a phrase to
describe the aberrant production of soluble mediators and the accompanying …

Interleukin-15 (IL-15) is a pleiotropic cytokine with a broad range of biological functions in
many diverse cell types. It plays a major role in the development of inflammatory and …

Viral infections are a major threat to the human population due to the lack of selective
therapeutic measures. The morbidity and mortality reported worldwide are very alarming …