The emergence of new SARS-CoV-2 variants continues to pose an enormous public health
concern. The SARS-CoV-2 infection disrupted host immune response accounting for …

The global COVID-19 pandemic arising from SARS-CoV-2 has impacted many lives, gaining
interest worldwide ever since it was first identified in December 2019. Till 2023, 752 million …

Recent studies on coronavirus infectious disease 2019 (COVID-19) pathophysiology
indicated the cytokine release syndrome induced by the virus as the main cause of mortality …

Background Immunotherapy with clodronate-encapsulated liposomes, which induce
macrophage depletion, has been studied extensively. However, previously reported …

The unprecedented outbreak of severe acute respiratory syndrome-2 (SARS-CoV-2)
worldwide has rendered it one of the most notorious pandemics ever documented in human …

Not only macrophages, but also neutrophils, are a main target of clodronate. In this issue of
JEM, Culemann et al.(2023. J. Exp. Med. https://doi. org/10.1084/jem. 20220525) …

Amino-bisphosphonates such as zoledronic acid (ZA) can possibly ameliorate or prevent
severe COVID-19 disease by at least three distinct mechanisms:(1) as immunostimulants …

Dysfunction”(Acharya et al. 2020). They have reviewed current literature on the neurological
complications and manifestations of COVID-19, however, they were able to identify only a …

Cytokine release syndrome (CRS) is a severe complication of infectious diseases like
Coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) that cause serious damage to public health …

In response to the coronavirus disease-19 (COVID-19) pandemic caused by severe acute
respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2), global efforts are focused on the …