Gravity has played a critical role in the development of terrestrial life. A key event in
evolution has been the development of mechanisms to sense and transduce gravitational …

Few studies have investigated the impact of alterations in gravity on mammalian
transcriptomes. Here, we describe the impact of spaceflight on mammary transcriptome of …

Gravity determines shape of body tissue and affects the functions of life, both in plants and
animals. The cellular response to gravity is an active process of mechanotransduction …

Organisms have evolved under gravitational force, and many sense the direction of gravity
by means of statoliths in specialized cells. In flowering plants, starch-accumulating plastids …

The gravitational force has been constant throughout Earth's evolutionary history. Since the
cell nucleus is subjected to permanent forces induced by Earth's gravity, we addressed the …

▪ Abstract Physical forces of gravity, hemodynamic stresses, and movement play a critical
role in tissue development. Yet, little is known about how cells convert these mechanical …

External forces play complex roles in cell organization, fate, and homeostasis. Changes in
these forces, or how cells respond to them, can result in abnormal embryonic development …

A lack of gravity experienced during space flight has been shown to have profound effects
on human physiology including muscle atrophy, reductions in bone density and immune …

Background Little is known about the affect of microgravity on gene expression, particularly
in vivo during embryonic development. Using transgenic zebrafish that express the gfp gene …

This article is a summary of a lecture presented at an ESA/NASA Workshop on Cell and
Molecular Biology Research in Space that convened in Leuven, Belgium, in June 1998 …