Intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is a devastating disease which induces high mortality and
poor outcomes including severe neurological dysfunctions. ICH pathology is divided into two …

Background and Purpose—Intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH) remains a major medical
problem for which there is no effective treatment. Oxidative and cytotoxic damage plays an …

Hemorrhagic stroke can be categorized into several subtypes. The most common is
intracerebral hemorrhage (ICH), which exhibits significant morbidity and mortality, affecting …

Ischemic stroke includes two related pathological damage processes: brain injury caused by
primary ischemia and secondary ischemia reperfusion (I/R) injury. I/R injury has become a …

The mechanisms underlying poor outcome following subarachnoid haemorrhage (SAH) are
complex and multifactorial. They include early brain injury, spreading depolarisation …

Oxidative stress plays a critical role in mediating tissue injury and neuron death during
ischemia–reperfusion injury (IRI). The Keap1–Nrf2 defense pathway serves as a master …

Background It has been found that nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2/antioxidant
response element (Nrf2–ARE) signaling pathway plays a role in antioxidative response, anti …

The poor prognosis of intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) is attributed to secondary brain injury
(SBI), which is caused by oxidative stress. Blood components induce reactive oxygen …

Nrf2 is a key transcriptional factor for antioxidant response element (ARE)-regulated genes.
While its beneficial role has been described for stroke, its contribution to intracerebral …

The transcription factor nuclear factor erythroid 2-related factor 2 (Nrf2) coordinates
expression of genes required for free radical scavenging, detoxification of xenobiotics, and …