This paper links patterns of deregulatory reforms and post-crisis reversals in Italy and
Portugal with the electoral constituencies of political parties. Combining insights from the …

Drawing on an analysis of austerity reforms in Greece and Portugal during the sovereign
debt crisis from 2009 onwards, we show how the nature of the linkages between parties and …

The emergence of the economic and financial crisis has already shown important electoral
and political consequences in southern Europe. Drawing on the experience of two bailed …

Since 2008 many European states have experienced significant challenges in adapting to
austerity, and political actors within these states have made significant changes in their …

The eurozone crisis has altered the party political landscape across Europe. The most
visible effect is the rise of challenger parties. The crisis not only caused economic hardship …

This article has two objectives. The first is to describe the new electoral system which was
introduced in Italy in December 2005, a little more than three months before the general …

The electoral consequences of the Great Recession are analysed in this article by
combining insights from economic voting theories and the literature on party system change …

After a long period of stasis 1993 marked a burst of change in liberal democracies' electoral
arrangements. There were major shifts in three established democratic countries (Italy …

Japan, Italy and New Zealand changed their electoral systems to similar (though also
significantly different) mixed systems combining single-member districts and proportional …

Italy is the only established democracy where two major electoral reforms took place in the
last 20 years (respectively in 1993 and 2005). Adopting Renwick's approach, which …