A harmonized balance between positive and negative regulation of pattern recognition
receptor (PRR)-initiated immune responses is required to achieve the most favorable …

Virus infections are a major global public health concern, and only via substantial
knowledge of virus pathogenesis and antiviral immune responses can we develop and …

In viral infections the host innate immune system is meant to act as a first line defense to
prevent viral invasion or replication before more specific protection by the adaptive immune …

The innate immune response to viral pathogens is critical in order to mobilize protective
immunity. Cells of the innate immune system detect viral infection largely through germline …

During viral infection, virus-derived cytosolic nucleic acids are recognized by host
intracellular specific sensors. The efficacy of this recognition system is crucial for triggering …

RNA viruses cause a multitude of human diseases, including several pandemic events in
the past century. Upon viral invasion, the innate immune system responds rapidly and plays …

Viral infectious diseases signify an essential portion of global public health concern with
millions of deaths annually. Viruses produce disease directly by killing the host cells they …

Highlights•DNA sensor interferon-inducible protein 16 also senses viral RNA.•RNA viral
infection releases mitochondrial DNA that is sensed by DNA receptors.•Retinoic acid …

The prototypic response to viral infection involves the recognition of pathogen-associated
molecular patterns (PAMPs) by pattern recognition receptors (PRRs), leading to the …

The antiviral innate immune and inflammatory responses are critical for host defense against
viral infection. How these antiviral responses are initiated and regulated has been …