Reactive oxygen species (ROS) are a group of highly reactive chemicals containing oxygen
produced either exogenously or endogenously. ROS are related to a wide variety of human …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) have been long considered simply as harmful by-products
of metabolism, which damage cellular proteins, lipids, and nucleic acids. ROS are also …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) is a kind of single electron reduction product of oxygen in
vivo. Because they contain unpaired electrons, ROS has high chemical reactivity. Various …

The immune system protects the host from a plethora of microorganisms and toxins through
its unique ability to distinguish self from non-self. To perform this delicate but essential task …

Reactive oxygen species (ROS) react preferentially with certain atoms to modulate functions
ranging from cell homeostasis to cell death. Molecular actions include both inhibition and …

ABSTRACT T lymphocytes rely on several metabolic processes to produce the high
amounts of energy and metabolites needed to drive clonal expansion and the development …

Abstract Reactive Oxygen Species (ROS) are small and highly reactive oxygen-containing
molecules. ROS, when maintained at proper cellular concentrations, may function as “redox …

Researches dedicated to reactive oxygen species (ROS) had been performed for decades,
yet the outcomes remain controversial. With the relentless effort of studies, researchers have …

The immune system plays a pivotal role in maintaining the defense mechanism against
external agents and also internal danger signals. Metabolic programming of immune cells is …

Multiple roles have been indicated for reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the immune system
in recent years. ROS have been extensively studied due to their ability to damage DNA and …