How is a motor skill learned? Change and invariance at the levels of task success and trajectory control

L Shmuelof, JW Krakauer… - Journal of …, 2012 - journals.physiology.org
The public pays large sums of money to watch skilled motor performance. Notably, however,
in recent decades motor skill learning (performance improvement beyond baseline levels) …

Delayed feedback during sensorimotor learning selectively disrupts adaptation but not strategy use

SN Brudner, N Kethidi, D Graeupner… - Journal of …, 2016 - journals.physiology.org
In sensorimotor adaptation tasks, feedback delays can cause significant reductions in the
rate of learning. This constraint is puzzling given that many skilled behaviors have inherently …

Temporal structure of motor variability is dynamically regulated and predicts motor learning ability

HG Wu, YR Miyamoto, LNG Castro, BP Ölveczky… - Nature …, 2014 - nature.com
Individual differences in motor learning ability are widely acknowledged, yet little is known
about the factors that underlie them. Here we explore whether movement-to-movement …

The role of variability in motor learning

AK Dhawale, MA Smith… - Annual review of …, 2017 - annualreviews.org
Trial-to-trial variability in the execution of movements and motor skills is ubiquitous and
widely considered to be the unwanted consequence of a noisy nervous system. However …

Skill learning strengthens cortical representations of motor sequences

T Wiestler, J Diedrichsen - Elife, 2013 - elifesciences.org
Motor-skill learning can be accompanied by both increases and decreases in brain activity.
Increases may indicate neural recruitment, while decreases may imply that a region became …

Distinct types of neural reorganization during long-term learning

X Zhou, RN Tien, S Ravikumar… - Journal of …, 2019 - journals.physiology.org
What are the neural mechanisms of skill acquisition? Many studies find that long-term
practice is associated with a functional reorganization of cortical neural activity. However …

Interacting adaptive processes with different timescales underlie short-term motor learning

MA Smith, A Ghazizadeh, R Shadmehr - PLoS biology, 2006 - journals.plos.org
Multiple processes may contribute to motor skill acquisition, but it is thought that many of
these processes require sleep or the passage of long periods of time ranging from several …

CNS learns stable, accurate, and efficient movements using a simple algorithm

DW Franklin, E Burdet, KP Tee, R Osu… - Journal of …, 2008 - Soc Neuroscience
We propose a new model of motor learning to explain the exceptional dexterity and rapid
adaptation to change, which characterize human motor control. It is based on the brain …

[PDF][PDF] Causal role of motor preparation during error-driven learning

S Vyas, DJ O'Shea, SI Ryu, KV Shenoy - Neuron, 2020 - cell.com
Current theories suggest that an error-driven learning process updates trial-by-trial to
facilitate motor adaptation. How this process interacts with motor cortical preparatory activity …

Human sensorimotor learning: adaptation, skill, and beyond

JW Krakauer, P Mazzoni - Current opinion in neurobiology, 2011 - Elsevier
Recent studies of upper limb movements have provided insights into the computations,
mechanisms, and taxonomy of human sensorimotor learning. Motor tasks differ with respect …