Limited knowledge is available on the relationship between antigen-specific immune
responses and COVID-19 disease severity. We completed a combined examination of all …

The characterization of cell‐mediated and humoral adaptive immune responses to SARS‐
CoV‐2 is fundamental to understand COVID‐19 progression and the development of …

Cellular and humoral immunity to SARS-CoV-2 is critical to control primary infection and
correlates with severity of disease. The role of SARS-CoV-2-specific T cell immunity, its …

SARS-CoV-2 infection and vaccination generates enormous host-response heterogeneity
and an age-dependent loss of immune-response quality. How the pre-exposure T cell …

CD4+ T cells reactive against SARS-CoV-2 can be found in unexposed individuals, and
these are suggested to arise in response to common cold coronavirus (CCCoV) infection …

Background The role of adaptive immune responses in long COVID remains poorly
understood, with contrasting hypotheses suggesting either an insufficient antiviral response …

SARS-CoV-2 is a novel coronavirus, not encountered before by humans. The wide spectrum
of clinical expression of SARS-CoV-2 illness suggests that individual immune responses to …

Abstract Background The SARS-CoV-2 pandemic currently prevails worldwide. To
understand the immunological signature of SARS-CoV-2 infections and aid the search and …

Background The longitudinal antigen-specific immunity in COVID-19 convalescents is
crucial for long-term protection upon individual re-exposure to SARS-CoV-2, and even more …

CD4+ T cells are central to long-term immunity against viruses through the functions of T
helper 1 (TH1) and T follicular helper (TFH) cell subsets. To better understand the role of …